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    • 专利摘要:
      DIMERIZATION CIRCUIT FOR A LED LOAD THAT UNDERSTANDS ONE OR MORE LEDSThe circuits useful in achieving efficient LED current control based on a dimming control input are described. The circuits use a combination of PWM dimming and analog dimming to obtain a highly efficient LED driver over a wide dimming range close to 0% to 100% light emission.
    公开号:BR112012003850A2
    申请号:R112012003850-8
    申请日:2010-08-18
    公开日:2020-09-01
    发明作者:Bernd Clauberg；Richard Greischar；Ameya Shrotriya
    申请人:Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DIMERIZATION CIRCUIT FOR A LED CHARGE THAT UNDERSTAND ONE OR MORE LEDS
    TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention is generally directed to the control of the dimerization levels of light emitting diodes (LEDS). More particularly, several inventive methods and the apparatus disclosed here refer to drive current controls above and below a threshold level.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Digital lighting technologies, that is, lighting based on semiconductor light sources, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), offer a viable alternative to traditional fluorescent, incandescent and HID lamps. Additional advantages and benefits of LEDs include high energy conversion and optical efficiency, durability, lower operating costs, and many others. Recent advances in LED technology have provided efficient and robust full-spectrum lighting sources that allow for a variety of lighting effects in many applications.
    Some of the fixings that incorporate these sources feature a lighting module, including one or more LEDs capable of producing different colors, for example, red, green, and blue, as well as a processor to independently control the output of the LEDs in order to generate a variety of colors_and color-changing lighting effects, for example, "" as discussed in detail in U.S. Patent No. 6,016,038 and 6,211-.626, incorporated herein by reference. Significant advances have been made in manufacture of LEDs that emit white light. Currently, white light LEDs are commercially available that generate more than 100 Iumens per watt. This is comparable to the performance of fluorescent and HID lamps. In addition, these LEDs offer other advantages such as operational life longer,
    shock / vibration resistance and flexibility due to its small size. As a result, white light LEDS are gaining acceptance as a replacement for traditional incandescent, compact fluorescent and HID 5 sources for lighting applications such as signage, accent, and passing lighting, shop windows, parking and road lighting. The white LEDs can be used alone or. with colored LEDs for a particular effect. The electrical characteristics of LEDs are such that small changes in the voltage applied to the LED lamp will cause appreciable current changes. In addition, changes in ambient temperature will also result in changes in the LED current by changing the voltage drop across the LEDs. In addition, the lumen output of LEDs depends on the LED current. The existing electrical power feeders for LED light sources are designed to precisely regulate the LED current to prevent variations in light intensity due to variations in the incoming AC voltage and ambient temperature. The operation of the 20 LED lamps in the excessive forward current for a long period of time can cause unacceptable variations in light intensity and even catastrophic failure. In addition, electric current supplies do not reduce power consumption to increase energy savings. 25 It is often deseséjávêl to provide an ability to
    P dimerization to LEDs and lighting fixtures that use LEDS. Known ways to dim LEDs include pulse width modulation (PWM) "cutting" the current waveform and analogically reducing the amplitude of the current waveform. Unfortunately, the use of known analog range reduction and PWM dimming are difficult to achieve good efficiency and good performance over an entire dimming range of 0%
    3/26 light emission (no light emission) at 100% light mission (total light emission). Many known high-efficiency LED drivers use a switching mode converter to regulate current to the LEDs. To obtain the "deep dimming", (for example, dimming less than 5% and above 30%), the PWM pulse of the LED current is typically used to ensure proper operation of the ~ LEDS. With a current source output, PWM dimming requires a bypass switch that deflects the LED current
    Ô 10 during the "off" pulses · of the PWM cycle. Thus, relatively high losses are realized in the main converter and in the bypass switch, since the current to the LEDs is at a relatively high level, even if only part of the current is being delivered. Therefore, the known bypass switches 15 and their methods of use are relatively inefficient in LED applications involving dimerization.
    In addition, the efficiency (Im / W) of LEDs is relatively high at the lowest drive currents, and as a result, PWM dimming methods are less efficient than the 20 known analog dimming methods. However, analog dimming also has some disadvantages in low dimming levels. For example, if the LED current is less than approximately 5% and as large as
    W 30% of the complete emission rating, high levels 25 may not be uniform between different LEDs, changes in; color can occur, and at very low current levels the LEDs' efficiencies are also relatively insufficient.
    In addition, the electronic actuators become more difficult, since the drop of current levels below 30% of 1%, balanced voltages and electrical noise in the current sensitivity circuit become a major concern.
    "At dimerization levels below 0.1% these problems make analog dimming undesirable.
    à 4/26 Thus, there is a need in the art to provide dimerization of LEDs that outweigh at least the advantages of the known dimerization methods described above.
    SUMMARY 5 The present disclosure is directed to the inventive methods and apparatus for controlling levels of dimerization. Applicants recognized and noted that it would be beneficial - to provide more efficient dimming of LEDs over the entire range
    Dimerized K from 0% to 100% dimerizing in a way that overcomes 10 certain flaws in analog dimming and pulse width modulation (PWM). Applicants further recognized and noted that it would be beneficial to provide analog dimerization at a certain level of dimerization, and to provide PWM dimerization to dimerize below a certain level of dimerization.
    According to one aspect, the present disclosure focuses on a dimming circuit for an LED comprising a current controller configured to receive a dimming input providing a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal and a reference voltage. The dimerization circuit also comprises a current converter configured to provide an output current; and a bypass switch connected to the controller and the current converter and between the current controller and the LEDs, whereby the bypass switch is non-conductive when the dimming input 25 is more than a threshold level. In another aspect, the present disclosure focuses on a dimming circuit for an LED comprising a controller configured to receive a dimming input providing a 30 pulse width modulation (PWM) signal and a reference voltage. The dimerization circuit also comprises a "current converter" configured to provide an output current; and a buck converter connected between the LEDs and the current converter, in 9
    · H 5/26 that the buck converter comprises a bypass switch that is non-conductive when the dimming input is less than a threshold level.
    As used herein for purposes of the present disclosure, the term "LED" should be understood to include any electroluminescent diode or other type of injection / junction based charging system that may generate radiation in response to an electrical signal. Thus, the term LED includes, among others, various structures based on the i, '10 semiconductor that emit light in response to current, light emitting polymers, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDS), electroluminescent bands, and the like. In particular, c) LED term refers to light emitting diodes of all types (including organic light emitting diodes and 15 semiconductors) that can be configured to generate radiation in one or more of the following spectra: infrared spectrum, spectrum ultraviolet, and various parts of the visible spectrum (usually including radiation wavelengths from approximately 400 nanometers to 20 approximately 700 nanometers). Some examples of LEDs include, but are not limited to, various types of infrared LEDs, ultraviolet LEDs, red LEDs, blue LEDs, green LEDs, yellow LEDs, amber LEDs, orange LEDs, and white LEDs 4 (discussed further below). It should also be noted that the r 25 LEDS can be configured and / or controlled to generate "radiation having several bandwidths (for example, several widths in the maximum half, or FWHM) for a given spectrum (for example, narrow bandwidth , bandwidth, air! 1pla), and a variety of stunning wavelengths 30 within a given general color categorization, for example, an implementation of an LED configured to generate essentially white light (for example, a white LED ) can include a number of dyes that respectively emit different spectra of electroluminescence which, in combination, mix to form essentially white light.
    In another implementation, a white light LED can be associated with a phosphor material
    5 that converts electroluminescence having a first spectrum into a different second spectrum.
    In one example of this implementation, electroluminescence having a relatively short wavelength spectrum and narrow bandwidth "pumps" the phosphorous material, which in turn hj
    10 radiates radiation of the longest wavelength having a somewhat broader spectrum.
    It should also be understood that the term LED does not limit the type of physical and / or electrical package of an LED.
    For example, as discussed above, an LED can refer to a single
    15 a light emitting device having several dyes that are configured to respectively emit different radiation spectra (for example, which may or may not be individually controllable). Also, an LED can be associated with a phosphor that is considered to be a part of
    20 integral LED (for example, some types of white LEDs). In general, the term LED can refer to packaged LEDs, unpackaged LEDs, surface-mounted LEDs, chip-on-board LEDs, T-package LEDs, radial-pack LEDs, power-pack LEDs, LEDs including some kind
    25 coating and / or optical element (for example, a lens
    "diffuser), etc.
    The term "light source" should be understood to refer to any one or more of a variety of radiation sources, including, but not limited to, LED-based sources
    30 (including one or more LEDs as defined above), incandescent sources (for example, filament lamps, halogen lamps), fluorescent sources, phosphorescent sources, high-intensity discharge sources (for example,
    7/26 sodium, mercury vapor, and metal halide lamps), lasers, other types of electroluminescent sources, pyroluminescent sources (eg, flames), luminescent sources by candle (eg, gas liners, radiation sources in 5 carbon arc), photoluminescent sources (for example, gas discharge sources), cathode luminescent sources using electronic satiety, galvano-luminescent sources, crystallo-luminescent sources, kine sources. luminescent, thermoluminescent sources, triboluminescent sources, sonoluminescent sources, radioluminescent sources, and luminescent polymers. A given light source can be configured to generate electromagnetic radiation within the visible spectrum, outside the visible spectrum, or a combination of both. Thus, the terms "light" and "radiation" are used interchangeably here. In addition, a light source may include as an integral component one or more filters (for example, color filters), lenses, or other optical components. Furthermore, it should be understood that light sources can be configured for a variety of applications, including, but not limited to, indication, display, and / or lighting. A "light source" is a light source that is particularly configured to generate radiation having sufficient intensity to effectively illuminate an indoor or outdoor space. In this context, "intensity
    Sufficient H "refers to sufficient radiant energy in the visible spectrum generated in space or in the environment (the" lumens "unit is generally used to represent the total light emission of a light source in all directions, in 30 terms of radiant energy or "luminous flux") to provide ambient lighting (that is, light that can be perceived indirectly and that can, for example, be reflected from one or more of a variety of intervention surfaces before being perceived as a whole or in part) ).
    The term "spectrum" must be understood to refer to any one or more frequencies (or wavelengths) of radiation produced by one or more sources of light. Certainly, the term "spectrum" refers to frequencies (or wavelengths) not only in the visible range, but also in frequencies (or wavelengths) in the infrared, ultraviolet and other areas of the entire electromagnetic spectrum. . In addition, a given spectrum can have a relatively narrow bandwidth (for example, an FWHM having essentially little frequency or wavelength components) or a relatively wide bandwidth (several frequency or wavelength components having several relative extensions). It should also be noted that a given spectrum can be the result of a mixture of two or more other spectra (for example, mixing radiation respectively emitted from various light sources). 20 For purposes of this disclosure, the term "color" is used interchangeably with the term "spectrum." However, the term "color" is generally used to refer mainly to a radiation property that it is. perceptible by an observer (although this use is not intended to limit the scope of this "term"). "Certainly, the terms" different colors "implicitly refer to the various spectra having different components of wavelength and / or widths bandwidth. It should also be noted that the term "color" can be used in connection with 30 white light and non-white light. The term "color temperature" is generally used here in connection with white light, although this use is not intended to limit the scope of this term. The color temperature essentially refers to a particular color content or shade (for example, reddish, bluish) of white light. The color temperature of a given radiation sample is conventionally characterized according to the temperature in degrees Kelvin (K) of a blackbody radiator that radiates essentially the same spectrum as the radiation sample in question. The color temperature of the blackbody radiator generally falls within a range of. approximately 700 degrees K (typically considered the first 10 visible to the human eye) at approximately 10,000 degrees K; white light is generally perceived at color temperature above 1500-2000 degrees K. The term "lighting fixture" is used here to refer to an implementation or arrangement of one or 15 more lighting units in a particular form factor , assembly, or packaging. The term "lighting unit" is used here to refer to an apparatus including one or more sources of light of the same or different types. A given lighting unit can have any of a variety of mounting arrangements for the light source (s), housing / housing arrangements and shapes, and / or electrical and mechanical connection configurations. Additionally, a given lighting unit can optionally be associated with. (for example, include, be coupled and / or packaged together) - 25 various other components (for example, c "í": control loop) related to the operation of the light source (s). A "unit of
    P LED-based lighting "refers to a lighting unit that includes one or more LED-based light sources as discussed above, alone or in combination with 30 other LED-free light sources. A lighting unit" multichannel "refers to a lighting unit with or without an LED base that includes at least two light sources configured to respectively generate different radiation spectra, in which each different source spectrum can be referred to as a" channel "of the unit The term "controller" is used here generally 5 to describe various devices referring to the operation of one or more light sources. A controller can be implemented in several ways (for example, as with dedicated hardware) to perform various functions discussed here: A "processor" is an example of a controller that employs 10 or more microprocessors that can be programmed using software (for example, microcode) to perform various functions discussed here. A controller can be implemented with or without employing a processor, and it can also be implemented as a combination of dedicated hardware 15 to perform some functions and a processor (for example, one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuit) to perform other functions. Examples of controller components that can be employed in various embodiments of the present disclosure include, among others, 20 conventional microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and field programmable gate arrangements (FPGAS - Field programmable gate) arrays).
    . The term "user interface" as used herein refers to an interface between a minimal user or operator and one or more devices that allows communication between the user and the device (s). Examples of user interfaces that can be used in various implementations of the present disclosure include, among others, 30 switches, potentiometers, buttons, indicators, sliders, a mouse, keyboard, numeric keypad, various types of game controllers (for example, joysticks ), trackballs, screens, various types of graphical user interfaces (GUIS), touch screens, microphones and other types of sensors that can receive some form of human-generated stimulus and generate a signal in response to it .
    5 It should be noted that all combinations of the above concepts and additional concepts discussed in greater detail below (provided as not mutually consistent concepts) are noted to be part of the inventive subject revealed here. In particular, all 10 combinations of the claimed subject that appear at the end of this disclosure are noted to be part of the inventive subject disclosed here. It should also be noted that the terminology explicitly employed here, which may also appear in any disclosure incorporated by reference 15, should be agreed on a meaning consistent with the particular concepts disclosed here.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the drawings, as the reference characters generally refer to the same parts from all different views. Still, the drawings are not necessarily to scale, but emphasis is usually placed on illustrating the principles of the invention.
    Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram. simplified lighting fixture according to a representative embodiment. Figure 2 illustrates a simplified schematic diagram of a dimming circuit according to a representative embodiment.
    Figure 3 illustrates a schematic diagram 30 simplified of a dimerization circuit according to another representative embodiment.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, representative achievements that reveal specific details are presented in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present teachings. Descriptions of known devices, materials and manufacturing methods can be omitted to avoid obscuring the description of the example embodiments. However, such devices and methods that are within the scope of a person skilled in the art can
    W be used according to representative achievements.
    Figure 1 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a lighting apparatus 100 according to various embodiments of the invention. The lighting apparatus includes a dimming circuit 101-, which receives an input voltage, such as a line voltage. Based on a desired opaque setting, the dimming circuit 101 provides a particular driving current on an LED 102. In a representative embodiment, the lighting fixture can be provided in a housing with the dimming and LED circuit in a cornum package or separate.
    Figure 2 illustrates a simplified schematic diagram of a dimming circuit 200 according to a representative embodiment. The dimming circuit 200 is contemplated for use as the dimming circuit 101 of. lighting fixture 100 in figure 1. The dimming circuit 200 comprises a "constant current converter" ("converter") 201 and a controller 202. Controller 102 receives a dimming input and converter 101 receives a voltage input. In a representative embodiment, converter 201 is a known power supply 30 configured to receive input from a variety of known power sources which are illustratively an AC voltage (line voltage), a DC voltage or a low voltage source HERE. Converter 201 provides an output current based on the input voltage. As more fully described here, a PWM 203 signal is provided and a bypass switch (for example, a field effect transistor (FRT)) 110 (Ql).
    In a representative embodiment, controller 202 includes a known microprocessor that comprises memory and logic, and is configured to receive the dimming input and provide a PWM signal 203 and a reference voltage (Vref) 204. The use of a microprocessor is
    H 10 is merely illustrative, and the use of a programmable logic device (PLD - programmable logic device) as an array of field programmable ports (FPGA), or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or discrete electronic components are also contemplated. for use on controller 202.
    The reference voltage (Vref) 204 provides an input to an error amplifier circuit 205. The current to the LEDs flows through a sensitivity resistor (RI) 211, which produces a sense voltage that is provided as another input 20 to the circuit error amplifier 205. The error amplifier circuit 205 compares the signal sense voltage with the reference voltage (vref) 204. A feedback signal 206, which is based on the output of the error amplifier circuit 205, is provided to the converter 201. In response to the return signal value. 25 206, the "201 converter increases or decreases the current of the LEDs" until the voltage felt in the sensitivity resistor (RI) 211 is substantially identical to the reference voltage ("Jref) 204.
    In operation, converter 201 provides a relatively constant current 30 to a first inductor 207 (Ll). The current from converter 201, in turn, flows to a second inductor (L2) 208. The second inductor (L2) 208 with Capacitor (CI) 209 beneficially reduces the ripple of the
    14/26 current and provides a substantially constant DC current to the LEDS (not shown in figure 2) or to the bypass switch (Ql) 210. Capacitor (Cl) 209 and second inductor (L2) 208 have respective values selected that the 5 switching of the bypass switch 210 (Q1) does not significantly change the voltage at capacitor 209 (CI), and thus the current in the second inductor (L2) 208 remains substantially constant. This almost constant current then flows to the LEDs directly or via the - 10 bypass switch (IQ) 210. The current flowing to the LEDs directly or by the bypass switch 210 (Ql) depends on the dimming level provided at the dimming input to the controller.
    202. Often, in order to avoid changes in color level 15 and to provide a base level of efficiency, a minimum current amplitude is specified. This minimum current amplitude is often expressed in terms of a percentage of a maximum current level or amplitude through the led junction. For example, an LED manufacturer 20 or lamp manufacturer may specify a minimum required current span from the LEDs as a percentage of the maximum current span that can be brought to the LEDS. For illustrative purposes, let's assume that this minimum is currently approximately 10% of the amplitude of. 25 maximum current of LEDs used for fixing lighting "100. It is emphasized that the percentage of the maximum current amplitude can be less than or greater than 10%, and this value is selected only for ease of explanation. According to the representative realization described with figure 2, 30 when the dimming input to controller 202 is between 100% of this maximum current level at 10% of the maximum current level, the PWM 203 signal emitted from controller 202 is at a voltage that polarizes the power switch. deviation 210
    (IQ) so that it is not conductive and is 'switched off', and the reference voltage (Vre £) 204 is at a proportional level at the dimerization input.
    The reference voltage (Vref) 204 is inserted into the error amplifier circuit 205 and provides a
    5 return 206 to converter 201 which is proportional to the error signal between the desired current setpoint (reference voltage (Vre £) 204) and the current LED current felt by. sensitivity resistor (RI) 211. Return 206 is inserted
    , to converter 201, and the output of converter 201 is an analog output 10 that provides the desired current level to the led.
    In contrast, and maintaining the illustrative values, when the dimming input to controller 202 is approximately 10% or less (at approximately 0%), controller 202 provides the reference voltage (Vre £) 104 of 10%
    15 (or less, as selected) of the maximum value.
    The PWM 203 signal to the bypass switch (Ql) 210 selectively polarizes the bypass switch (Ql) 210 in an adjusted duty cycle.
    In the present representative realization with a limit level of 10% of the maximum LED driving current, the signal
    20 PWM 203 has an off duty cycle that substantially corresponds to the desired dimming level divided by 10 (since the average current is already reduced to 10%). For example, a PWM off-duty cycle of
    - 1% corresponds to a 0.1% dimerization level. 25 Beneficial maneuver, because the 'bypass (IQ) switch 210 is polarized ("on") only when the current through the first inductor (Ll) 207 and the second inductor (L2) 208 are reduced to one level or below selected fraction (for example, 10% or rhyrenes) of the level of
    30 maximum current, loss in deviation (IQ) 210 are minimized.
    In addition, circuit 200 allows the deflection switch (IQ) 210 to have a relatively high resistance, and in turn a relatively low capacitance.
    This reduces the likelihood of switching losses if a relatively high PWM frequency is desired.
    For this purpose, in an illustrative embodiment, the bypass switch (Ql) 210 is a semiconductor metal-oxide field effect transistor
    5 (MOSFET - metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor)
    with a voltage rating of 600 V (assuming the LED system has high voltage emission), it has one. resistance of approximately 1.2 Q, and a capacitance of
    . approximately 100 pF output.
    If the bypass switch 10 (IQ) 210 of the present example (that is, a MOSFET) carries all the current (for example, IA) from the converter 101, the loss of conduction alone would already be 1 w at the point where the opportune bypass switch (Ql) 210 is close to 100%. As can be seen, such a loss is not desirable.
    In
    15 contrast, and according to representative embodiments, if the current through the bypass switch (IQ) 210 is limited to 10% or less than the maximum current level, the conduction loss of the same MOSFET is significantly lower; illustratively 0.012 W under the snails
    20 conditions and parameters.
    Because of this significant reduction in conduction losses the resistance of the deviation switch 210 (IQ) can be selected to be higher.
    Continuing with the same example, if the bypass switch 210 (Ql) was a
    . MOSFET with higher resistance (eg 10 Q) at 25 output capacitance will drop it significantly (eg, a factor of 10 in the present example). In a beneficial way, conduction losses and switching losses are significantly reduced (by a factor of 10 in the present example), and the switching time is also reduced due to the
    30 reduced capacitance.
    Notably, reducing the switching time of the bypass switch (Ql) 210 can be especially beneficial because of the relatively accurate dimming control benefits of relatively fast switching transitions, which are accomplished by providing a switch (e.g., bypass switch 210 (IQ) I ran a relatively low capacitance in the representative achievements. In addition, a MOSFET with 10 times the 5 resistance is much less expensive than a lower resistance FET. Notably, the frequency of the PWM 203 signal provided
    W to bypass switch (Ql) 210 can be selected to
    And to optimize the performance of the circuit 200. In practice, it is desired 10 to have a substantially constant current in the first inductor (Ll) 207 and the substantially constant voltage across the capacitor (CI) 109 while the bypass switch (IQ) 110 turns on and off the a fixed duty cycle in response to the PWM 203 signal. This ensures that the current in the lds is proportional to the duty cycle of the bypass switch, or the reverse duty cycle. According to the representative embodiment, these conditions are obtained by choosing a PWM frequency high enough for the bypass switch (Ql) 210. In a representative embodiment, the 20 power supplies are isolated, and in a beneficial way the converter 101, which provides insulation, never stops interrupting and, in this way, continuously provides enough energy for any supply windings. auxiliaries needed to drive the amplifiers of the - 25 current return and the "s _dializer" interface as a minimum converter output current is set at a minimum non-zero level (for example, 10% or less of the maximum in the above example ). The frequency of the PWM 203 signal for LEDS is typically chosen to be in the range of 200 Hz 30 to 5 kHz. However, to reduce the size of the second inductor l2 (209) and capacitor (Cl) 210, it is possible to operate the bypass switch (IQ) 210 at even higher frequencies. This is specifically the case when the bypass switch (IQ) 210 is a relatively high resistance, the low capacitance device that allows for fast switching transitions. Figure 3 illustrates a simplified schematic diagram 5 of a dimming circuit 300 according to another representative embodiment. The dimming circuit 300 is intended for use as the dimming circuit 101
    W of lighting fixture 100 in figure 1. Many of the details of the components described in connection with the achievements of dimerization circuit 200 illustrated in figure 2 are common to the achievements of dimerization circuit 300. Many of these common details are not repeated at firri to avoid obscuring the description of the achievements currently described. Furthermore, like the realizations described with figure 2, the dimming circuit 300 provides efficient LED dimming over the entire dimming range from approximately 0% to approximately 100%. Like the dimming circuit 200, the dimming circuit 300 provides analog dimming of the converter 201 at a linear level that guarantees its own LED operation 20 with minimal color change. The dimming circuit 300 comprises converter 201 and controller 202. Controller 202 receives a dimming input and converter 201 receives an input voltage, such as an AC line voltage. In a representative embodiment, controller 202 comprises a known microprocessor comprising memory and logic and is configured to receive the dimming input and provide PWM signal 203 and the reference voltage ( / reE) 204. The use of a microprocessor is for illustrative purposes only, and the use of a programmable logic device (PLD) as an array of field programmable ports (FPGA) or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is also contemplated for use in controller 202. The reference voltage ( Vref) 204 comprises an input to an amplifier circuit 205.
    The dimming circuit 300 comprises a buck converter 301 that the pulse width modulates the output current from a threshold level (e.g., 10% of the maximum current amplitude to the LED) to 0% current, or 100% dimerization. The buck converter 301 comprises a first switch (Ql) 302 in parallel with a second switch "(Q2) 303, an inductor 304 and a resistor 305. A diode (DI) 306
    M is provided between the output of the second switch 303 (Q2) and an input to the error amplifier circuit 205. The buck converter 301 can be described as generally in US Patent Application Publication 20080278092 entitled "LIGHTING EQUIPMENT AND METHODS HIGH POWER FACTOR LED BASED "for Lys, et al. The disclosure of this publication of the patent application is specifically incorporated herein by reference. According to representative realizations, the buck 301 converter can operate at a high frequency compared to the PWM signal of frequency 203 and use a known control method, or use a hysteretic or peak current control method to obtain current control relatively accurate and fast. The switching frequency of the buck 301 converter is illustratively in the range of approximately 100 KHz to approximately 500 kHz. Switching losses are low if the capacitance of the second switch (Q2) 303 and the diode (DI) "306 are relatively small (in the order of 10 'pF). This can be accomplished if the resistance of the second switch (Q2) 303 is chosen high enough and the diode current rating (DI) 306 is chosen low enough.
    Thus, according to representative realizations, the current through the buck 301 converter is maintained at a relatively low amplitude first (for example, 10% or less of the maximum current of the LEDs), which allows the selection of the resistance of the second switch (Q2) 303 to be relatively high, which allows the relatively low current through the diode (DI) 306 without significant conduction losses. For example, a diode with a current rating of 1 A can have a junction capacitance of 20 pF-50 pF; where a diode (for example, diode (DI) 306) with a current rating of 0.1 A can have a junction capacitance in the "range of approximately 1 pF to approximately 5 pF, which is relatively low. switching are proportional + 10 to the frequency, so a reduction factor 10 in capacitance translates to a reduction factor 10 in switching losses, which can be very significant at operating frequencies from 100 kHz to 500 kHz.
    According to the representative realizations, the buck converter 301 is operated at a relatively high switching frequency to allow low ripple of the output current on the LEDs (ie, substantially constant LED current) with a small value of inductor 304 (L2 ). Notably, incorporating a relatively low inductance of 20 into inductor 304 (L2) will determine how fast inductor 304 (L2) can discharge during the "off" pwm cycle. Basically, inductor 304 (L2) determines the switching speed of the PWM cycle and, in this way, the maximum frequency of the PWM 203 signal and the rise and fall time of the PWM 203 signal. In this way, the indutcsr 304 - (L2) of the buck 301 converter determines the dimming resolution and the minimum dimming level attainable in the softening circuit 300. Notably, however, the frequency of the PWM signal 30 2Q3 cannot be chosen arbitrarily small. At PWM frequencies in the order of approximately 100 Hz, visible flicker may result; and even PWM frequencies as low as 500 Hz can be a problem for photography.
    In this way, according to the representative realizations, in order to avoid detectable trembling and to provide a better quality of light emitted from the LEDs, the frequency of the PWM signal is defined above a limit level. In practice, the 5 buck 301 converter operates at a frequency of at least 100 times higher than the PWM frequency to allow the PWM utilization cycle of approximately 5% with acceptable accuracy.
    A For lower levels of dimerization, an even higher coupling frequency is required.
    W 10 By maintaining the illustrative range described above, analog dimming can be implemented from the dimming of approximately 0% dimming (ie, no dimming, and 100% of the maximum current amplitude to the LED) below 90% dimming (ie 10% of the maximum current amplitude to the LED). Below 90% dimerization, a 301 high frequency buck converter is used at pwm to output current from 10% to 0%. Notably, however, the buck 201 converter allows c) threshold level to be set at approximately 5% of the maximum current range 20 at the LEDs. As noted above, the buck 201 converter can operate at very high frequency as compared to the PWM frequency and use a standard control method or use a hysteretic or peak current control method to obtain fast and current control. 25 accurate. The buck 201 converter can be bypassed with a "switch (FET or other) during the part of the analog dimerization where the primary current control is used to minimize any additional losses at the complete output.
    The first switch (IQ) 302, which is the 30 bypass switch, can be one of a variety of controllable switches (for example, a FET) and, in the present embodiment, can be a relatively slow switching device, as it only needs be switched on above 10% dimming (for example) and be switched off below this level. The first switch (Q1) 302 can have a relatively low resistance. The capacitance of the first switch (Ql) 302 is of minimum consideration in the circuit design, as there are low switching losses in the first switch (Ql) 302. In particular, in the representative embodiments, the dimming command is relatively fixed and changes only when the - user changes a setpoint. For example, and continuing with the same example, if an 11% dimerization command. 10 maximum current is given, then the first switch (IQ) 302 is 'on' and the converter 201 provides the 11% constant current to the LEDs. Note that the first switch (QI) 201 never turns off in this condition and the second switch (Q2) 303 never turns on, so there are no switching losses. In contrast, 15 for example, if the dimming command is 9% of the maximum current is given, then the first switch (IQ) 302 is 'off' and the buck converter 301 provides constant current control. In this operating range, the first switch (Ql) is not switching, but is 'off'.
    20 Again, there are no switching losses contributed by the first switch (IQ) 302. In operation, based on the dimming input, controller 201 provides the reference voltage (Vref) 204 and The PWM signal 203. When the reference voltage (VreE) 204 is. 25 above a dimming limit (eg, 10% of the maximum current amplitude to the LEDs) the first switch (Ql) 302, which functions as a bypass switch, of the buck 301 converter is polarized to drive (ie , be 'On') by converter 201. Thus, for dimerization input 30 to dimerization controller 202 of 0 ° 7 (ie maximum current amplitude to LEDs) for minimum analog dimming adjustment (10% of amplitude maximum current as an example), the buck 301 converter produces an output current regulated to the LEDs through the first switch (IQ) 302. The remaining components of the buck 301 converter, namely the second switch (Q2) 203, inductor ( L2) 304, resistor (R3) 305 and diode (Dl) 306 are all 5 passes to minimize losses.For dimmerization input to controller 101 less than the limit (for example, less than 10% of the amplitude current maximum to
    B LED), the first switch (IQ) 302 is non-conductive, and the
    V converter 201 regulates the voltage through capacitor (CI) 307 10 at a higher voltage than the connected LED voltage. Certainly, the buck 301 converter is allowed to regulate the LED current at the 10% analog level. In addition, the second switch (Q2) 203 is turned on and off by PWM 103, and thus the buck converter 301 is then turned on and off at a reasonably low frequency of PWM (100 Hz to 1000 Hz, for example) by controller 101 The utilization cycle of the buck 301 converter is then adjusted based on the PWM signal, essentially in the same way as in circuit 200 to give a pwm current in the LEDs that is proportional to the dimming command (shorter on time in the low and higher dimerization) in off time). In a representative realization, in order to avoid any problems of response to the control loop, the. buck converter 301 can be controlled by controlling the hysteretic current during the on-time to give a "relatively fast response time substantially without overcurrent on the LEDs. However, alternative current control methods such as peak current control, of the standard current mode or critical conduction current control 30 can be used depending on the required specifications, since the buck 301 converter circuit is only active during deep dimming (below 10%, for example), the second switch ( Q2) 303, diode (Dl) 306 and inductor (L2) 304. need only be designed to handle 10% of the current level, not the entire output current. This also allows you to choose a switch (for example, an MOSFET) and 5 diodes with relatively small capacitance that allow fast switching frequency of the buck 301 converter without excessive losses.Finally, the buck 301 po converter to be
    B placed on the led current connection as shown or on the negative side to make the FET drive 10 simpler (referenced ground). Other configurations within the scope of a person skilled in the art are contemplated.
    While various inventive achievements have been described and illustrated here, those skilled in the art will readily envisage a variety of other means and / or structures to perform the function and / or obtain the results and / or one or more of the advantages described here, and each one of these variations and / or modifications is considered to be within the scope of the inventive achievements described here. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily note that all the parameters, dimensions, materials and configurations described here are exemplary and that the current parameters, dimensions, materials and / or configurations will depend on the specific application or applications for. which inventive teaching (s) is / are used. 25 Those skilled in the art will recognize, or will be able to verify the use of no more than routine experience, many equivalent to the specific inventive achievements described here. In this way, it is understood that the previous achievements are presented only as an example and that, 30 within the scope of the attached claims and equivalent to the mesernas; inventive achievements can be practiced in a way other than those specifically described and claimed. The inventive achievements of the present disclosure are directed to each particular function, system, article, material, kit and / or method described herein. In addition, any combination of two or more functions, systems, articles, materials, kits and / or methods, if such functions, systems, articles, materials, kits, and / or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the scope invention of the present disclosure. & All settings, as defined and
    W used here, must be understood to control the 10 dictionary definitions, definitions in documents incorporated by reference, and / or common meanings of the defined terms. The indefinite articles "one" and "one," as used herein in the specification and in the claims, unless clearly indicated otherwise, are to be understood as "at least one." The phrase "and / or," as used herein in the specification and in the claims, must be understood as "either or both" of the joint elements, that is, elements that are present together in some cases and 20 present disjunctively in others cases. Several elements listed with "and / or" should be constructed in the same way, that is, "one or more" of the elements so joint. Other elements may optionally be present in elements specifically identified by the sentence "and / or", 25 whether related or not to the specified elements "identified. As used in the specification and the claims," or "should be understood as the same meaning as" and / or "as defined above. for example, 30 when separating items in a list," or "or" and / or "should be interpreted as inclusive, that is, the inclusion of at least one, but also including more than one, of a number or list of elements, and optionally additional items not listed, only terms clearly indicated to the contrary, such as "just one of" or "exactly one of," or, when used in the claims, "consisting of in ", will refer to the inclusion of exactly one element of a number or list of 5 elements. In general, the term" or "as used here should only be interpreted as exclusive alternatives (that is," one or the other, non-arnbos ") when o preceded by% exclusivity terms, such as "anyone," "one of," "just Nb one of," or "exactly one of". "Consisting essentially of 10 in," when used in the claims, must have its common meaning as used in the field of patent law. Any reference numerals or other characters, which appear in parentheses in the claims, 15 are provided for convenience only and are not intended to limit the claims in any way.
    It should be understood that, unless clearly stated to the contrary, in any methods claimed herein that include more than one step or action, the order of the steps or actions of the method is not necessarily limited to the order in which the steps or actions of the method method are recited. In the claims, as well as in the specification
    W above, all transitional phrases such as "comprising", 25 "including", "performing", "having", "containingG" involving ","
    G "maintaining", "composed of" r and the like must be understood as open, that is, to mean including among others. Only the transitional phrases "consisting of" and "consisting essentially of" must be semi-finalized transitional sentences 30, respectively.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    1. DIMERIZATION CIRCUIT FOR AN LED LOAD THAT UNDERSTANDS ONE OR MORE LEDS, the dimerization circuit characterized by comprising a current controller configured to receive a dimming input that is variable to indicate a percentage of a maximum driving current that the LED load must be provided, and to emit a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal and a reference voltage of - 10; a current converter configured to receive a supply voltage and to provide an output current; and a bypass switch connected to the controller and 15 to the current converter and between the current controller and the LED load, where the bypass switch is configured to deflect at least part of the output current from the current converter being supplied to the LED load when the bypass switch is conductive, and the bypass switch is non-conductive when the dimming input indicates that the percentage exceeds a threshold level.
    [2]
    2. DIMERIZATION CIRCUIT, according to claim 1, characterized in that the bypass switch
    G is conductive when the dimming input is less than the threshold level.
    .
    [3]
    3. DIMERIZATION CIRCUIT, according to claim 1, characterized by additionally comprising a first inductor connected between the current converter and the bypass switch, in which a current through the first inductor is proportional to the limit level when the deviation is non-conductive.
    [4]
    4. DIMERIZATION CTRCUIT, according to claim 1, characterized in that the controller comprises the circuit configured to receive a dimming input and output the PWM signal and the reference voltage.
    [5]
    5. DIMERIZATION CIRCUIT, according to claim 4, characterized in that the controller 5 comprises a memory comprising a correlation of the dimerization input with the PWM signal and the reference voltage.
    [6]
    6. DIMERIZATION CIRCUIT, according to claim 1, characterized in that the controller 10 comprises a programmable logic device (PLD) configured to receive a dimming input and output the PWM signal and the reference voltage.
    [7]
    7. DIMERIZATION CIRCUIT, according to claim 1, characterized in that the limit level is in the range of approximately 0% of the maximum driving current to approximately 1-0% of the maximum driving current.
    [8]
    8. DIMERIZATION CIRCUIT FOR A LED LOAD THAT UNDERSTANDS ONE OR MORE LEDS, the dimming circuit characterized by comprising a controller configured to receive a dimming input that is variable to indicate a percentage of the maximum driving current that must be supplied to the LED load, and provide a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal and a reference voltage; "" "25" a current converter configured to "receive" an input voltage and to provide an output current; and a buck converter connected between the current converter and the LED load, where the buck converter includes a first switch which is turned on and off in response to the PWM signal and also includes a bypass switch connected via the first switch and which it is non-conductive when the dimming input indicates that the percentage is less than a threshold level.
    [9]
    9. DIMERIZATION CIRCUIT, according to claim 8, characterized in that the bypass switch is conductive when the dimerization input is greater than the limit level.
    [10]
    10. DIMERIZATION CIRCUIT, according to claim 8, characterized in that it additionally comprises a first inductor connected between the current converter and the buck converter, in which a current through the first inductor is proportional to the limit level when the switch 10 of deviation is conductive.
    [11]
    11. DIMERIZATION CIRCUIT, according to claim 8, characterized in that the controller comprises a microprocessor configured to receive a dimming input and output the PWM signal and the reference voltage.
    [12]
    12. DIMERIZATION CIRCUIT, according to claim 11, characterized in that the controller comprises a memory comprising a correlation of the dimerization input with the PWM signal and the reference voltage.
    [13]
    13. DIMERIZATION CIRCUIT, according to claim 8, characterized in that the controller comprises a programmable logic device (PLD) configured to receive a dimming input and output the PWM signal and the reference voltage
    [14]
    14. DIMERIZATION CIRCUIT, according to claim 8, characterized in that the limit level is in the range of approximately 0% of the maximum driving current to approximately 10% of the maximum driving current.
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    2020-11-17| B25G| Requested change of headquarter approved|Owner name: KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS N.V. (NL) |
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